What Is Gynecomastia?
Gynecomastia is the abnormal enlargement of male breast tissue, which may be caused by:
- Hormonal imbalances
- Certain medications
- Liver or testicular disorders
- Genetic predisposition
- Idiopathic (unknown) causes in most adult cases
It can affect one or both breasts, and may involve fat tissue (pseudogynecomastia), glandular tissue, or both.
When Is Surgery Recommended?
Not all cases of gynecomastia require surgery. However, surgical treatment is typically recommended when:
- The condition does not improve with lifestyle changes or medications
- The patient experiences significant psychological or social discomfort
- Clothing choices are limited or the patient avoids removing their shirt in public
- There is pain, tenderness, or noticeable asymmetry
- Suspicion of a firm or nodular mass exists
How Is Gynecomastia Surgery Performed?
The surgical technique depends on the type and severity of gynecomastia:
1. Fat-Dominant (Pseudogynecomastia)
Technique: Liposuction
- A small incision is made for a thin cannula
- Excess fat is suctioned from the chest
- Ideal for mild to moderate cases
- Minimal scarring and fast recovery
2. Glandular-Dominant (True Gynecomastia)
Technique: Excision (Gland Removal)
- A semicircular incision is made around the areola (nipple area)
- Dense glandular tissue is surgically removed
- Often combined with liposuction for optimal contour
3. Mixed-Type Gynecomastia (Fat + Gland)
Technique: Liposuction + Excision
- Provides the most comprehensive correction
- Commonly used in moderate to severe cases
Surgery Details
- Duration: 45–90 minutes
- Anesthesia: Usually general, local with sedation may be an option
- Hospital stay: Same-day discharge in most cases
- Incisions: Typically hidden in the areola or under the chest fold
- Stitches: Often absorbable, no need for removal
What to Expect During Recovery
- Days 1–3: Swelling, tightness, and mild bruising
- After 7 days: Return to light daily activities
- Weeks 3–4: Resume exercise, but avoid chest workouts
- 1 month: Noticeable improvement in contour
- 6 months: Final result and scar maturation
A compression garment should be worn:
- 24/7 for the first 2–3 weeks
- Daytime only for the following 3–4 weeks
This garment:
- Helps reduce swelling
- Assists skin retraction
- Supports uniform healing
Benefits of Gynecomastia Surgery
- Flat, masculine chest appearance
- Freedom in clothing and lifestyle choices
- Greater comfort during exercise
- Psychological boost and improved self-confidence
- Long-lasting results, usually in a single session
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Incisions are usually placed around the areola and heal with minimal, hidden scars.
Can gynecomastia return after surgery? Rarely. It may recur if there are hormonal imbalances, medication side effects, or significant weight gain.
Most patients report mild discomfort that is easily managed with over-the-counter pain relief.
Yes. It is essential for proper healing and optimal contour results.
It is generally safe when performed by an experienced plastic surgeon. As with any surgery, risks exist but are uncommon.
